Dhruvatrara in Kalidasa's Literature
نویسنده
چکیده
Dhruvatara or Dhruva is the Polar star. On the Amarakoca of Amarasirhha (circa 300 A. D.), I, 2, 21a, 'dhruva auttanapadih syat,' Ksirasvamin (circa 1050 A. D.) comments as follows: dhruvati dhruvah kah/ uttanapadasyapatyam, risitvad risyandhaketi ani prapte, bahvaditvad in/According to this commentary, the etymology of dhruva is that the root 'dhru (6 Parasmaipada, to be firm, fixed)' takes 'ka' pratyaya and becomes dhruva: dhru +ka-dhruva. Dhruva is a masculine noun which means 'one who is fixed' and so means the star which is fixed at the north pole; namely, the Polar (1) star. According to Indian mythology, King Dhruva ascended to a place in heaven and became the Polar star. Thus, the Polar star is called Dhruva. Dhruva was a son of King Uttanapada. Therefore, according to the Paniniya (circa 4th cen. B. C.), I, 4, 114 (risyandhakavrisnikurubhyac ca.), ' an' pratyaya is suffixed to uttanapada and auttanapada is constituted: uttanapada+an-auttanapada. 'An' pratyaya indicates 'descendent or offspring.' Thus, auttanapada, which is a musculine noun, means 'the son of Uttanapada' and is used as a secondary name of the Polar star Dhruva. In the same way, according to the Paniniya, I, 4, 96 (bahvadibhyac ca.), uttanapada is suffixed with 'in' pratyaya and becomes auttanapadi: uttanapada+in-auttanapadi. Since 'in' pratyaya means 'descendant,' auttanapadi, which is a musculine noun, also means 'the son of Uttanapada' and is applied to Dhruva. Therefore, auttanapadi also is used as another name
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